In any discussion of methods of underground mining comparison, one is repeatedly confronted with the difficulty of dealing with so many variable conditions. Study on sublevel open stoping with subsequent backfilling. Black diamond drilling services australia database. Backfill practices for sublevel stoping system springerlink. Bureau of mines, devised largely on the basis of rock stability, is as follows. An underground mining method used in large, steeply dipping orebodies where the wall rock is of an incompetent nature. Stoping wikipedia the specific method of stoping depends on a ore body and then drive horizontal levels through it stoping then takes stoping, mining proceeds pdf sublevel stoping underground mining methods chat. Mining in minnesota cut and fill mining method 3d animation duration. Mining methods and method selection snu open courseware. In this method drifts are driven in the ore separated by a slice of ore two or three normal slices high. This classification has been used ever since as a basis for describing methods in its publications dealing with mining methods and costs and is as follows.
Sublevel caving article about sublevel caving by the. How to survive alone in the wilderness for 1 week eastern woodlands duration. Subsub level stopping mining method ppt related information. It is the first comprehensive work on one of the most important underground mining methods worldwide, presenting topics according to the conventional sublevel stoping process used by most mining houses, in which a sublevel stoping geometry is chosen for a particular mining method. The underhand sublevel open stoping method comprises the following steps. Generally a large scale open stoping method, it is often referred to as long hole or blast hole stoping. Sublevel stoping requires a midrange ore grade in order to pay for its development. Pdf sublevel stoping underground mining methods researchgate. It sometimes is referred to as longhole or blasthole stoping. The classification of stoping methods adopted by the u. Reflecting the international and diverse nature of the industry, a series of mining case studies is presented covering the commodity range from iron ore to diamonds extracted by operations located in all corners of the world. Vertical retreat open stoping vros is a variation of sublevel open stoping. These increased level distances are intended to reduce overall development costs when mining sublevel cave stope areas. Rock blasting in underground mining pdf free download.
Sublevel stoping is one of the most useful underground mining methods in steeply. Oct 22, 2014 sublevel stoping underground mining methods 1. Caving underground mining methods longwall, sublevel caving. Mining progresses downwards in an orebody, with each sublevel being progressively eliminated as mining.
Such a row is called a fan or a ring, which appears in different mining methods such as sublevel caving, block caving, and open stopping. The sublevels are worked simultaneously, the lowest on a given block being farthest advanced and the subs above following one another at short intervals. However, labor is costly, and manual mining tech niques are inefficient. It is the best video for understanding how to do sublevel stoping mining method. Download geotechnical design for sublevel open stoping pdf. This method usually is applied to strong ore bodies that require. Sublevel stoping mining methods are very popular in canadian metal mines since they enable maximum ore recovery due to pillarless mining. Design and operational issues for increasing sublevel cave. Sublevel caving is a bulk mining method which is largely dependent upon the gravity. Fil1 is not required and manual labour requirements are low. Underground hard rock mining refers to various underground mining techniques used to excavate hard minerals, usually those containing metals such as ore containing gold, silver, iron, copper, zinc, nickel, tin and lead, but also involves using the same techniques for excavating ores of gems such as diamonds or rubies. Inplace stone stoppings can play a dominate role in reducing leakage and stopping maintenance. Development sequence the diamond hill ore bodies and mine workings are in exceptionally solid unfractured rock and accordingly are amenable to low cost sublevel open stoping methods.
Caving underground mining methods longwall, sublevel. Economic comparison of drilling systems in sublevel stoping method. This method usually is applied to strong ore bodies that require minimal support and are surrounded by strong country rock. Reflecting the international and diverse nature of the industry, a series of mining case studies. It was developed over the years from a method originally known as short hole bench and train mining. Download geotechnical design for sublevel open stoping pdf ebook. Yamatomi encyclopedia of life support systems eolss underground mining methods and equipment s.
Geotechnical design for sublevel open stoping crc press book. This material is intended for use in lectures, presentations and as handouts to students, and is. Understanding the principles of gravity flow is centrai to optimizing design and operating practices in sublevel cave mining. The uppermost sublevel underneath the cover is partly caved. This material is intended for use in lectures, presentations and as handouts to students, and is provided in power point format so as to allow customization for the individual needs of course instructors. Those geomechanical properties are closely related to mining methods. When the grade is highly variable in the orebody, re coveries normally decrease on passing from a selective method of mining such as cutandfill, for instance to a nonselective method such as sublevel stoping. The contrasting mining strategies of full support and free displacement involve.
The sublevels are worked simultaneously, the lowest on a given block. We use cookies to offer you a better experience, personalize content, tailor advertising, provide social media features, and better understand the use of our services. The invention discloses a sublevel fill mining method. The company is currently carrying out pilot testing of mining methods for narrow veins, using the sublevel stoping and conventional mining cut and fill methods, in order to determine the optimal mining method. By utilizing the natural angle of repose characteristics of caving ores and dry mine fill and according to medium hole drilling deviceadapted height and the orepermitted exposed area, space and time at present, sublevel mining is carried out from the bottom to the top in the openfield state and the dry mine fill is adopted for filling. A mining method involving overhand, underhand, and shrinkage stoping. Mining method, underground mining, roomandpillar mining, sublevel. The ore body should be fairly regular in shape and welldefined. Ore is produced by drilling and blasting longholes, which can range from 50 mm 2 in. Pdf sublevel stoping at a large underground quarry. Jan 21, 2018 it is the best video for understanding how to do sublevel stoping mining method. Open pit mining mining methods 5 open pit mines are used to exploit low grade, shallow ore bodies. This method is used to recover resources in open stopes.
Pdf geotechnical design for sublevel open stoping americo. There are clear differences between production blasting in underground mines and that in open pit mines. The deposits may be tabular in form, dipping at angles steeper than the angle of repose of the broken ore or flatter, if scrapers are employed for moving the ore in the ore passes, or to wide, thick ore bodies or masses. It is an overhand mining method that relies on broken ore being left in the stope to be used as the working floor and to support the walls. Stull stoping is a form of stoping used in hardrock mining that uses systematic or random timbering stulls placed between the foot and hanging wall of the vein.
Sublevel stoping of the eb massive reefs at loraine gold mines, ltd. Underground mining methods available for download and read online in other formats. The design examples used in this dissertation is based on the o640, l651 and n659. Harraz email protected 2014 2015 this material is intended for. Sublevel stoping article about sublevel stoping by the. Evaluation and selection of recoverable reserves in a. A common openstoping method is roomandpillar mining, in which pillars of ore are left standing to support the rock over a flatlying ore body.
Ore and waste are fragmented using blast holes drilled upwards from headings. A long hole stoping system for mining narrow platinum reefs advantages of this mining method it allows for a low safety and health risk as well as improved working environment. Black diamond drilling services australia pty ltd 35,662 views. Sublevel open stoping originated in the early 1900s in iron ore mines in michigan, usa. Traditional mining methods for hangingwall orebody include surface mining and backfill stoping method such as that in the fenghuangshan iron mine of china and the kidd creek zinccopper mine of canada, the sublevel caving method such as that in the yeshan iron mine and the longshou mine of china, and the sublevel open stoping and caving mining method. The ore bodies must be made of competent rock, and be surrounded by competent wall rock. The invention relates to the technical field of stoping methods and particularly relates to an underhand sublevel open stoping method. The mining method selected is determined by the size, shape, orientation and type of orebody to be mined. The objective here is to present a design methodology applicable to sublevel open stoping, but also to then bridge the gap between theory and practice by applying said methodology to an actual design example. Sublevel stoping mining methods are generally employed to extract steeply dipping tabular ore deposits characterized by relatively long strikes and having various thicknesses. Mining open stopes at cannington mine using a vertical.
This volume from crc press is published next month. This paper discusses the stope parameters of the sublevel subsequent filling stage in daye iron shizishan section. Pdf underground mining methods download full pdf book. Cutandfill stoping is applicable to the mining of firm ore enclosed within walls, one or both of which are weak and heavy. Shrinkage stoping ascending method of mining advantages and disadvantages vertical crater retreat stoping introduction application developmental sequence of stopes production how. This method is usually considered as an alternate to sublevel caving when a. This mining method can be used at a wide range of depths. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. This book presents the latest mining principles and techniques in use today. The first comprehensive work on one of the most important underground mining methods worldwide, geotechnical design for sublevel open stoping presents topics according to the conventional sublevel stoping process used by most mining houses, in which a sublevel stoping geometry is chosen for a particular mining method, equipment availability, and work force experience. According to the similar material simulation technology, which is the main means, displacement monitoring and internal stress monitoring, several conclusions are summarized as bellow. Factors which control ground behaviour such as the. Sublevel caving and block caving underground mining methods presentation pdf available february 2014 with 6,655 reads how we measure reads. Sublevel stoping generally is a largescale open stoping method.
It is defined as a concentration of minerals that can be exploited and turned into a saleable product to generate a financially acceptable profit under existing economic conditions. Its characteristic feature is the use of sublevels. Geotechnical design for sublevel open stoping top results of your surfing geotechnical design for sublevel open stoping start download portable document format pdf and ebooks electronic books free online rating news 20162017 is books that can provide inspiration, insight, knowledge to the reader. Underground mining methods presents the latest principles and techniques in use today. Most of an inplace stone stopping s internal crosscut can be mined except for the last round. Pdf shrinkage stoping and vertical crater retreat stoping. The first full work on one of many crucial underground mining methods worldwide, geotechnical design for sublevel open stoping presents topics in response to the normal sublevel stoping course of utilized by most mining houses, throughout which a sublevel stoping geometry is chosen for a selected mining method, gear availability, and work strain experience. The first full work on one of many crucial underground mining methods worldwide, geotechnical design for sublevel open stoping presents topics in response to the normal sublevel stoping course of utilized by most mining houses, throughout which a sublevel stoping geometry is chosen for a selected mining method. Since this mining method requires that the ore be blasted on multiple. Shrinkage stoping was a common and important method in the days when few. Draw control strategy for sublevel caving mines simple search. This paper describes several sources of external dilution affecting the stope walls during underground sublevel and bench stoping.
The ore body is developed by a series of sublevels usually spaced at vertical intervals of 18 to 25 or 30 feet more recently, intervals of 50 feet or more have been used. This method owes the first part of its name to the fact that work is carried out on many intermediate levels that is. Key performance indicators assessed during the trial safety targets mining layout drill rig production targets support requirements. It is not an exact science and in the choice of a method each varying factor has a certain weight, which, in many cases, experience alone can determine. The method requires that the hanging wall and often the footwall be of competent rock as the stulls provide the only artificial support. Policies must be set down to ensure that realistic standards are established for each phase of the operation from investigation to production. Sources of external dilution in underground sublevel and. Sublevel caving slc is an underground mass mining method used for extracting different types of. A long hole stoping system for mining narrow platinum reefs.
Sublevel caving technique free download as pdf file. The method is a sublevel stoping, with haulage by conveyor belts. Crown stope instability due to stress concentrations induced by changes in the. Sublevel open stoping queensminedesignwiki mine wiki. As in sublevel stoping, vertical slices are removed by longhole drilling and blasting, but, as the slices are extracted, filling is carried.
First, in many underground mines a production blast consists of a fanshaped blastholes in each row. Sub sidence of the surface normally occu rs afterwar d. Shrinkage stoping is a mining method used for steeply dipping, narrower ore bodies with self supporting walls and ore. Introduction the sublevel stoping mining method is usually applied to a relatively steeply dipping, competent ore body, surrounded by competent wall rock. Download pdf underground mining methods book full free. Ebook geotechnical design for sublevel open stoping as pdf. Factors which control ground behaviour such as the geometry of the openings, the influence of geological discontinuities, stress redistribution and blasting practices are discussed. When the parameter of the room and pillar is 18m, the underground mining is safe and steady. For the same tonnage, grades are lower, while for the same grades tonnages decrease. Underground mining methods and applications production headframe hans hamrin 1.
Cn105822307a underhand sublevel open stoping method. The objective here is to present a design methodology applicable to sublevel open stoping, but also to then bridge the gap between. In sublevel caving, relatively thin blocks of ore are caused to cave by successively undermining small panels. Anfo can be free poured into a hole or pumped down pneumatically. The first comprehensive work on one of the most important underground mining methods worldwide, geotechnical design for sublevel open stoping presents topics according to the conventional sublevel stoping process used by most mining houses, in which a sublevel stoping geometry is chosen for a particular mining method. Underground mining machinery glossary bibliography biographical sketches summary the first section gives an overview of underg round mining methods and practices as used. Sublevel stoping mining method black diamond drilling services australia pty ltd. The orebody can be narrow vein such as a gold mine in the witwatersrand, the. Longhole stoping is a highly selective and productive method of mining long hole stoping can cater for varying ore thicknesses and dips 0 90 o.
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